Escitalopram Oxalate is a prescription SSRI antidepressant used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults and adolescents. Increasing serotonin levels in the brain helps improve mood, reduce anxiety, and restore emotional balance. Lexapro is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may include therapy and lifestyle support.
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Dr. Steven Blikstein, PharmD
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Escitalopram is a prescription selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). While previously limited to adults for anxiety, FDA approval now extends the use of Lexapro for Generalized Anxiety Disorder to pediatric patients aged 7 to 17. Escitalopram is frequently used as a first-line treatment due to its high selectivity and favorable safety profile compared to other antidepressants, and should be taken exactly as prescribed.
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Important safety information
Certain conditions and factors may contraindicate the use of Lexapro. Patients should discuss these thoroughly with their healthcare provider to determine whether the medication is appropriate for their individual health status and mental health needs.
Because Lexapro affects serotonin levels in the brain, its use must be carefully evaluated in patients with coexisting medical conditions or who are taking other serotonergic or interacting drugs.
Significant contraindications include severe liver disease, since Lexapro is primarily metabolized through hepatic pathways, and impaired liver function can lead to elevated drug levels and increased side effects.
Patients with a known hypersensitivity to escitalopram or any of its inactive ingredients should not use this medication.
Lexapro is also contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI, as the combination can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.
While Lexapro may be prescribed during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, its use (especially during the third trimester) has been associated with complications such as neonatal withdrawal symptoms, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), and feeding or respiratory difficulties.
Pregnant individuals should discuss all potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider before continuing or discontinuing Lexapro.
Overdose of Lexapro can result in serious and potentially life-threatening symptoms, including severe dizziness, tremors, confusion, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, seizures, or loss of consciousness.
If an overdose is suspected, immediate medical attention or contact with Poison Control is essential. Patients should also be reminded to store Lexapro safely and keep it out of reach of children or anyone at risk of self-harm, as SSRIs are sometimes used in overdose attempts.
Aripiprazole is a prescription antipsychotic medication used to treat a range of mental health conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, major depressive disorder (as an add-on therapy), Tourette’s disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder. It works by helping restore the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and serotonin. Aripiprazole should be taken exactly as prescribed. Do not stop taking it suddenly, as this may cause withdrawal symptoms or a return of mental health symptoms.
A non-stimulant option used to treat attention disorders.
Bupropion is a prescription antidepressant used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). It works by balancing norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain to improve mood, energy, and focus. Often chosen for its lower risk of sexual side effects or weight gain, it may also be prescribed off-label for smoking cessation or attention-related symptoms. Bupropion must be taken exactly as prescribed, as exceeding the dose or stopping suddenly can increase seizure risk. It should not be used by individuals with seizure or eating disorders, or those discontinuing alcohol or sedatives abruptly.
Buspirone is a prescription medication used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and relieve symptoms such as irritability, tension, and a racing heartbeat. It works by balancing serotonin and dopamine activity in the brain to reduce anxiety and improve mood. Unlike benzodiazepines, it does not cause significant sedation, dependence, or withdrawal and is taken regularly rather than as needed. Buspirone should be taken exactly as prescribed and not combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or used within 14 days of stopping them.
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is a first-generation antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar mania, severe behavioral problems, and intractable hiccups.
Citalopram is a prescription SSRI antidepressant used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain to improve mood, reduce sadness and fatigue, and relieve anxiety. Citalopram may also be prescribed off-label for anxiety or panic disorders. Symptom improvement can take several weeks, and consistent use as prescribed is essential. It should not be stopped suddenly, as withdrawal symptoms may occur. Avoid alcohol while taking Celexa to prevent worsening drowsiness or impaired concentration.
Escitalopram is an SSRI primarily used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). As a newer generation antidepressant, it is specifically tailored to increase serotonin levels in the brain, helping improve mood and relieve anxiety symptoms.
Unlike older antidepressants, Escitalopram has a more favorable side effect profile and is generally well-tolerated in patients, making it a popular choice among healthcare providers. Its primary appeal lies in its effectiveness at relieving symptoms with minimal disruption to daily activities.
Note: This medication’s generic and brand-name formulations are used interchangeably throughout this article.
Lexapro, the brand-name version of Escitalopram, works by preventing the reuptake of serotonin by neurons, thereby maintaining higher serotonin levels in the brain, which is crucial for stabilizing mood disorders.
Simply put, Lexapro is a refined version of citalopram, offering more targeted action and generally fewer side effects.
Lexapro is an essential medication in managing major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Both conditions significantly affect an individual’s quality of life, making effective treatment crucial. Lexapro serves as a cornerstone treatment by regulating mood and decreasing anxiety through serotonin enhancement in the brain.
Beyond its primary uses, Lexapro is sometimes prescribed off-label for other conditions, such as social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
These off-label uses should only be considered under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they rely on the medication’s primary mechanism of serotonin reuptake inhibition to affect broader anxiety-related disorders.
Lexapro functions by enhancing serotonin levels in the brain, which improves mood and reduces anxiety. This elevated serotonin presence helps correct the serotonin imbalance often observed in individuals with depression and anxiety disorders.
As an SSRI, Lexapro inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, keeping more serotonin available in synaptic spaces. This increase allows for better communication between neurons, leading to improved mood and reduced anxiety symptoms.
The precise mechanism by which increased serotonin levels alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety is complex and involves altering neurotransmitter activities across different brain areas. Lexapro’s selectivity for serotonin means it generally has fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants that affect multiple neurotransmitter systems.
The administration and dosage of Lexapro can vary depending on the individual’s condition and response to the medication. Typically available in tablet or liquid form, selecting the appropriate dosage is critical for therapeutic effectiveness and minimizing side effects.
For adults, the standard starting dose is 10 mg taken once daily. Depending on the patient’s response, the dose can be increased to a maximum of 20 mg per day. While 10 mg is considered a low dose, it is often sufficient to reduce symptoms for many individuals initially.
Lexapro can be taken with or without food, but it should be taken at the same time every day for consistency. Depending on individual tolerance to side effects, patients might take it in the morning if insomnia occurs or at night if drowsiness is noted.
Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is recommended, especially during the initial phase of treatment or when adjusting dosages. Consistency and adherence to the prescribed schedule increase efficacy and reduce the potential for adverse effects.
While Lexapro is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects, varying from mild to severe.
Some typical side effects of Lexapro include nausea, sleep disturbances like insomnia, gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea or constipation, and weight changes. These side effects are often mild and may decrease as the body adjusts to the medication.
Less common side effects include hair loss and sexual dysfunction, impacting libido and orgasm. Such side effects should be discussed with a healthcare provider for appropriate management.
Lexapro is usually not addictive, but stopping it suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, a gradual tapering under medical supervision is recommended. Overdosing on Lexapro can also pose serious health threats, necessitating immediate medical intervention.
Lexapro can interact with other medications and substances, which might affect its efficacy or elevate the risk of adverse effects. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions promotes safer medication practices.
It is essential to maintain an up-to-date list of medications, supplements, and habits to share with healthcare providers, to ensure appropriate adjustments and safer use of Lexapro when combined with other treatments or lifestyle choices.
Combining Lexapro and Wellbutrin should be done under medical supervision due to potential interactions. Similarly, using Lexapro with Xanax requires professional advice, as both influence the central nervous system.
Administration & Dosage
Lexapro is usually taken once daily, with or without food, in tablet or liquid form. Take it at the same time each day to maintain steady levels in your body. Follow your doctor’s directions exactly and avoid changing your dose or stopping suddenly without medical advice.
Ten milligrams is the standard starting dose for adults with depression or anxiety. Your doctor may adjust it based on your response and tolerance, but any dosage change should be guided by a healthcare professional.
Timing depends on side effects. If Lexapro causes drowsiness, take it at night; if it feels stimulating, take it in the morning. Discuss timing with your doctor to find what works best for you.
You may notice initial improvements within 1–2 weeks, but full benefits typically develop after 4–6 weeks. Continue taking it as prescribed and stay in touch with your doctor to monitor progress.
Skipping doses disrupts treatment and increases withdrawal risk. Alcohol can amplify Lexapro’s sedative effects, leading to dizziness or drowsiness. Avoid or limit alcohol while taking this medication.
Uses & Mechanism of Action
Lexapro treats major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It’s part of the SSRI class, commonly used to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms.
Lexapro works by affecting the brain's neurotransmitter serotonin. It functions by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, thereby increasing its levels in the brain. This helps to improve mood and reduce anxiety symptoms by promoting mental stability and balance over the treatment period.
Lexapro is indeed classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are a group of antidepressants known for their role in increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain, influencing mood regulation and emotional stability.
Lexapro is approved for treating generalized anxiety disorder, and many patients find it effective in reducing anxiety symptoms. Boosting serotonin levels can help alleviate the symptoms of tension and anxiety, contributing to an improved quality of life for those affected.
Lexapro is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Managing chemical imbalances in the brain can help alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions, including persistent sadness, loss of interest, anxiety, and irritability.
Side Effects & Safety
The most frequently reported side effects of Lexapro include nausea, increased sweating, sleepiness or insomnia, dizziness, dry mouth, and sexual dysfunction. While these side effects can be bothersome, they often diminish as the body adjusts to the medication. If they persist or become severe, it's essential to contact your healthcare provider for guidance.
Clinical studies show that Lexapro is generally "weight neutral" in the short term, but long-term use (6 months+) may lead to modest weight gain in some patients. This is often due to an improved appetite as depression lifts rather than a metabolic shift.
Diarrhea is a possible side effect of Lexapro, though not everyone who takes the medication experiences it. Maintaining adequate hydration and discussing persistent gastrointestinal side effects with your doctor can help manage this issue.
Lexapro is not considered addictive in the way that some substances can be. However, discontinuation of the drug should be done with careful monitoring by a healthcare provider to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which can be uncomfortable and may include mood swings, irritability, or dizziness.
Hair loss is a rare side effect reported by some individuals taking Lexapro. While uncommon, any unexpected or distressing side effect should be discussed with your healthcare provider to evaluate the need for continued treatment or possible alternatives.
Interactions & Contraindications
In certain situations, healthcare providers may prescribe Lexapro and Wellbutrin together. This combination can enhance the therapeutic effects for treating depression or anxiety. Both medications affect different neurotransmitter pathways. This combination must be taken under strict medical supervision to monitor for any adverse effects or interactions.
Lexapro and Xanax are sometimes used together, especially in cases where managing acute anxiety symptoms is necessary. The combination should be used cautiously under the guidance of a healthcare provider due to the potential for increased sedation and other side effects.
While moderate alcohol consumption might not lead to adverse events for every individual, it is generally recommended to avoid or limit alcohol intake while on Lexapro. Alcohol can heighten the sedative effects of the medication, increasing the risk of side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and impaired judgment.
The use of Lexapro during pregnancy needs careful consideration and should be thoroughly discussed with a healthcare provider. The decision to use Lexapro should weigh potential benefits against risks, especially during the third trimester when the medication may affect the newborn.
Taking an excessive amount of Lexapro can result in an overdose, which is a medical emergency. Symptoms might include dizziness, tremors, confusion, rapid heartbeat, or seizures. Immediate medical attention is necessary in the event of a suspected overdose.
Generic & Alternatives
Lexapro is available in a generic form, known as escitalopram. It is typically more cost-effective while still offering the same therapeutic benefits as the brand-name version.
There are several alternatives to Lexapro, including other SSRIs like Zoloft (sertraline) and Prozac (fluoxetine). Depending on individual patient needs and response to treatment, different classes of antidepressants might also be considered as alternatives.
Lexapro is not a benzodiazepine. It belongs to the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and works differently compared to benzodiazepines, which are often used for their sedative properties.
Currently, there are no reports of Lexapro being discontinued. The medication remains readily available by prescription for treating depression and anxiety.
While weight gain is more commonly associated with Lexapro use, some individuals may experience weight loss, particularly at the beginning of treatment. Any significant weight changes should be discussed with your healthcare provider to ensure overall health is maintained.
Gradual tapering of the dose is recommended to minimize withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing Lexapro. This should always be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider, who can develop a suitable tapering schedule based on individual patient needs.
Over several weeks, Lexapro may improve mood, energy, and emotional stability. Early side effects, such as mild nausea or fatigue, often fade as your body adjusts.
Insomnia or difficulty sleeping is a side effect that some patients may experience when beginning treatment with Lexapro. If this occurs and significantly impacts quality of life, seeking advice from a healthcare provider is advisable to determine appropriate strategies for managing this symptom.