Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant used to control and prevent tonic-clonic (grand mal) and partial seizures.
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Dr. Steve Malen, PharmD
Dr. Steven Blikstein, PharmD
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Phenytoin (Dilantin) is a hydantoin anticonvulsant that stabilizes neuronal sodium channels, reducing the spread of abnormal electrical activity that causes seizures. It is FDA-approved for the control of generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures, and is also used for the prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or after neurosurgery. Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index and nonlinear pharmacokinetics, meaning small dose changes can cause disproportionate changes in blood levels, so regular monitoring of serum phenytoin concentration is essential to avoid toxicity (nystagmus, ataxia, confusion) or subtherapeutic dosing.
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