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GnRH agonist injection used in fertility protocols to suppress ovulation; also FDA approved for advanced prostate cancer and central precocious puberty.
Reviewed by:
Dr. Steve Malen, PharmD
Dr. Steven Blikstein, PharmD
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Leuprolide acetate (Lupron) is a GnRH agonist injection. In fertility care, it is used off-label in IVF protocols to suppress the pituitary gland and prevent a premature LH surge before egg retrieval, or in flare protocols to stimulate the ovaries at the start of a cycle. Leuprolide is also FDA approved for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer and for central precocious puberty in children. Dosing and timing vary widely by protocol and are determined by the prescribing fertility specialist. Common side effects include hot flashes, headache, injection site reactions, and mood changes. Because leuprolide initially causes a temporary rise in hormone levels before suppression takes effect, symptoms may briefly worsen at the start of treatment. This medication must not be used during pregnancy.
Common side effects include hot flashes, headache, injection site reactions, mood changes, and irritability.
Important warnings:
Contact your provider with any questions about your specific dosing schedule, as protocols vary between patients.
Clomiphene citrate is a powerful, nonsteroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) used as a first-line, orally administered therapy for treating ovulatory dysfunction in women desiring pregnancy. It works by selectively modulating estrogen receptors to stimulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to follicular growth and subsequent ovulation. Since its FDA approval in 1967, it has been widely used and is also employed off-label in men with secondary hypogonadism.
